NAME
      sbart - Interactive art using Artificial Evolution.

 SYNOPSIS
      sbart [-image image-file] [-tile] [toolkit options] [filename]

 DESCRIPTION
      This program is a design support system to create an interesting 2-D
      CG image based on artificial selection, which was originally proposed
      as Artificial Evolution by Mr. Karl Sims at Thinking Machines Co.

      One field window appears on the screen when you invoke sbart, that
      includes twenty (by default) subwindows showing individual images of
      the initial population.  You can breed images on this window by mouse
      and menu operations described as followings.

      You can display each image of individual on larger, arbitrary size of,
      zoom window by which you can print it with PostScript printer and can
      save it as a GIF, JPEG, EPSF, XWD image file.

      The movie window enables you to make a short movie of a individual
      image including time parameter.  The edit gene window allows you to
      edit an individual genetic code directly by copy, paste, swap, and
      replace operations.  The configure gene window allows you to switch
      on/off whether each of function seeds is a candidate element of
      mutation or not.  The base image window provides the source for the
      function named image to deform some other images in the GIF or JPEG
      format file.


 OPTIONS
      -image image-file
                  specify base image file.

      -tile       tile mode. All images are drawn as a stuff of seamless
                  tile pattern.


 OPERATION
    Field window
      MOUSE OPERATION

      Click left button
                  switch its selection as a parent for next generation.  The
                  selected individuals are indexed by red border.

      Press left button and drag
                  copy it into drop site. Subwindows in field, zoom window
                  and movie window are registered as drop sites. View-window
                  of edit gene window can also provide drag source just like
                  a subwindow in field window.

      Click middle button
                  select it as only one predecessor for next generation, and
                  spawn descendants in the field.  The selected individual
                  remains in the field without mutation.

      Press right button
                  invoke the individual menu described later.


      FILE MENU

      New         spawn new window initialized by random individuals.

      Open        spawn new window for existing file.

      Save        save genomes into the file.

      Save as     save genomes info the new file.

      Reload      load genomes again from the file.

      Reset       initialize all of non-protected individuals by random
                  genes.

      Close       close the field window.

      Quit        quit this program.


      EDIT MENU

      Undo        return to previous status.

      Copy        copy the genomes of selected individuals into the cut
                  buffer.  The copy buffer is shared by windows of the same
                  process of sbart, but not among any other process. This
                  means it is not of X server, but the client internal
                  memory.

      Paste       paste the genome in the copy buffer into the selected
                  individuals.

      Protect     switch on/off protection for all of the selected
                  individuals.

      Select all  select all of individuals in the window.

      Show all    show expression of genome for all of individuals.


      WINDOW MENU

      Config Gene appear/disappear the gene configuration window that is to
                  switch on/off the built-in functions as allele.

      Base Image  appear/disappear the base-image window that is to load and
                  view a base image. Base image provides the source of the
                  function image.  This means you can deform any image in a
                  GIF/JPEG file.

      Edit gene   spawn an edit gene window of the primary selected
                  individual.  Primary selected means the most upper of the
                  most left one in the selected individuals.

      Zoom        spawn a zoom window of the primary selected individual.

      Movie       spawn a movie window of the primary selected individual.


      NEXT BUTTON Go next generation.


      INDIVIDUAL MENU

      Copy        copy the genome into the copy buffer.

      Paste       paste the genome in the copy buffer.

      Show        print genome of the individual to standard output.

      Select      select/deselect it. Red and magenta border of individual
                  indicate selected.

      Protect     protect/unprotect it. Blue and magenta border of
                  individual indicate protected.

      Spawn Mutants
                  spawn its mutants and replace non-protected individual
                  into them.

      Mutate it   mutate its genome.

      Reset it    replace it by random genome.

      Image       put the raw base image. See above.

      Rotate      exchange X and Y axis.

      Edit gene   spawn the edit gene window.

      Zoom        spawn the zoom window.

      Movie       spawn the movie window.

    Edit gene window
      You can edit each inidividual genetic code using this window.

      FILE MENU

      Save        save editted gene into the field window.

      Close       close the edit gene window.

      EDIT MENU

      Copy        copy the selected subtree into the copy buffer. The
                  selected subtree is a subtree whose top node is selected.

      Paste       paste the tree in the copy buffer to the selected
                  position.  This operation discards the previously selected
                  subtree.

      Swap        swap the selected subtree and the tree in the copy buffer.

      REPLACE MENU
                  replace the selected node into a specified seed.


    Zoom window
      The image is redrawn if you resize the window in any size.

      FILE MENU

      Save        save the image in GIF/JPEG/EPSF/XWD format.  JPEG format
                  is only available if sbart has been installed with jpeg6
                  library.

      Print       print the image by sending color PostScript form to
                  specified command through the pipe connection.

      Close       close the zoom window.

      RESIZE MENU

      Full screen show the image of full screen. Click the mouse button if
                  you want to stop drawing.


    Movie window
      Play a short animation with time variable.

      Close       close the movie window.

      Save        save the movie in QuickTime format, or save all of image
                  slides into files under the user's specified directory in

                  XWD format.


    Configure gene window
      Switch on/off each of seed functions whether it is a candidate element
      of mutant or not. The current set of seed functions consists of uniary
      functions: -, abs, sign, sin, cos, log, exp, sqrt, image, and binary
      functions: +, -, *, /, pow, hypot, max, min, and, mdist, mix.


    Base image window
      Load and view the base image that is the source of the uniary function
      named image. You can load it from GIF and JPEG format file.


 AUTHORS
      Tatsuo Unemi at Soka University wrote this program.  The original idea
      of Artificial Evolution was proposed by Karl Sims at Thinking Machines
      Co.


 REFERENCE
      Karl Sims, Artificial Evolution for Computer Graphics, Computer
      Graphics, Vol.25, No.4, pp.319-328 (July 1991)

      Tatsuo Unemi, Simulated Breeding and its Applications, Textbook for
      the Seminar "Exploring new extension on Genetic Algorithms, Neural
      Nets and Fuzzy," Institute for System, Control and Information
      Engineers, pp.101-110 (September and October 1993) in Japanese.

      Tatsuo Unemi, The World of Arts that Artificial Life Creates, in T.
      Shibata and T. Fukuda (eds), Near Future of Artificial Life, Jiji-
      tsuushin-sha, 69-86, 1994 (in Japanese)