NAME sbart - Interactive art using Artificial Evolution. SYNOPSIS sbart [-image image-file] [-tile] [toolkit options] [filename] DESCRIPTION This program is a design support system to create an interesting 2-D CG image based on artificial selection, which was originally proposed as Artificial Evolution by Mr. Karl Sims at Thinking Machines Co. One field window appears on the screen when you invoke sbart, that includes twenty (by default) subwindows showing individual images of the initial population. You can breed images on this window by mouse and menu operations described as followings. You can display each image of individual on larger, arbitrary size of, zoom window by which you can print it with PostScript printer and can save it as a GIF, JPEG, EPSF, XWD image file. The movie window enables you to make a short movie of a individual image including time parameter. The edit gene window allows you to edit an individual genetic code directly by copy, paste, swap, and replace operations. The configure gene window allows you to switch on/off whether each of function seeds is a candidate element of mutation or not. The base image window provides the source for the function named image to deform some other images in the GIF or JPEG format file. OPTIONS -image image-file specify base image file. -tile tile mode. All images are drawn as a stuff of seamless tile pattern. OPERATION Field window MOUSE OPERATION Click left button switch its selection as a parent for next generation. The selected individuals are indexed by red border. Press left button and drag copy it into drop site. Subwindows in field, zoom window and movie window are registered as drop sites. View-window of edit gene window can also provide drag source just like a subwindow in field window. Click middle button select it as only one predecessor for next generation, and spawn descendants in the field. The selected individual remains in the field without mutation. Press right button invoke the individual menu described later. FILE MENU New spawn new window initialized by random individuals. Open spawn new window for existing file. Save save genomes into the file. Save as save genomes info the new file. Reload load genomes again from the file. Reset initialize all of non-protected individuals by random genes. Close close the field window. Quit quit this program. EDIT MENU Undo return to previous status. Copy copy the genomes of selected individuals into the cut buffer. The copy buffer is shared by windows of the same process of sbart, but not among any other process. This means it is not of X server, but the client internal memory. Paste paste the genome in the copy buffer into the selected individuals. Protect switch on/off protection for all of the selected individuals. Select all select all of individuals in the window. Show all show expression of genome for all of individuals. WINDOW MENU Config Gene appear/disappear the gene configuration window that is to switch on/off the built-in functions as allele. Base Image appear/disappear the base-image window that is to load and view a base image. Base image provides the source of the function image. This means you can deform any image in a GIF/JPEG file. Edit gene spawn an edit gene window of the primary selected individual. Primary selected means the most upper of the most left one in the selected individuals. Zoom spawn a zoom window of the primary selected individual. Movie spawn a movie window of the primary selected individual. NEXT BUTTON Go next generation. INDIVIDUAL MENU Copy copy the genome into the copy buffer. Paste paste the genome in the copy buffer. Show print genome of the individual to standard output. Select select/deselect it. Red and magenta border of individual indicate selected. Protect protect/unprotect it. Blue and magenta border of individual indicate protected. Spawn Mutants spawn its mutants and replace non-protected individual into them. Mutate it mutate its genome. Reset it replace it by random genome. Image put the raw base image. See above. Rotate exchange X and Y axis. Edit gene spawn the edit gene window. Zoom spawn the zoom window. Movie spawn the movie window. Edit gene window You can edit each inidividual genetic code using this window. FILE MENU Save save editted gene into the field window. Close close the edit gene window. EDIT MENU Copy copy the selected subtree into the copy buffer. The selected subtree is a subtree whose top node is selected. Paste paste the tree in the copy buffer to the selected position. This operation discards the previously selected subtree. Swap swap the selected subtree and the tree in the copy buffer. REPLACE MENU replace the selected node into a specified seed. Zoom window The image is redrawn if you resize the window in any size. FILE MENU Save save the image in GIF/JPEG/EPSF/XWD format. JPEG format is only available if sbart has been installed with jpeg6 library. Print print the image by sending color PostScript form to specified command through the pipe connection. Close close the zoom window. RESIZE MENU Full screen show the image of full screen. Click the mouse button if you want to stop drawing. Movie window Play a short animation with time variable. Close close the movie window. Save save the movie in QuickTime format, or save all of image slides into files under the user's specified directory in XWD format. Configure gene window Switch on/off each of seed functions whether it is a candidate element of mutant or not. The current set of seed functions consists of uniary functions: -, abs, sign, sin, cos, log, exp, sqrt, image, and binary functions: +, -, *, /, pow, hypot, max, min, and, mdist, mix. Base image window Load and view the base image that is the source of the uniary function named image. You can load it from GIF and JPEG format file. AUTHORS Tatsuo Unemi at Soka University wrote this program. The original idea of Artificial Evolution was proposed by Karl Sims at Thinking Machines Co. REFERENCE Karl Sims, Artificial Evolution for Computer Graphics, Computer Graphics, Vol.25, No.4, pp.319-328 (July 1991) Tatsuo Unemi, Simulated Breeding and its Applications, Textbook for the Seminar "Exploring new extension on Genetic Algorithms, Neural Nets and Fuzzy," Institute for System, Control and Information Engineers, pp.101-110 (September and October 1993) in Japanese. Tatsuo Unemi, The World of Arts that Artificial Life Creates, in T. Shibata and T. Fukuda (eds), Near Future of Artificial Life, Jiji- tsuushin-sha, 69-86, 1994 (in Japanese)